Petra

**1. Have you ever heard about the city of Petra? **

Yes in the past querter we readed about this city.

 ** 2.Do you know its location? ** In jordan.  **3. ** **What's the meaning of Petra? Can you guess? ** Petra meaning rock

1. Is quite __safe__

2. Located at the crossroads between __Orient__ and __European Civilization__

Many many ruins from the distant past are every where... For example 3. __Never sight__ the Nabataean 4. __Capital, Petra__ discovered in 5. __19th century__ by a 6. __awiss explorer__  7. Nawaday this city is considered one of the seven __wonders__ of the __world__

Where is Petra located?

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(224,93,16);">Petra is an archaeological site in the Arabah, Ma'an Governorate, Jordan. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(153,51,0);"> Who were its inhabitants?

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(224,93,16);">Its inhabitants were a group of Arabian nomads called the Nabataean, who led fruitful lives as desert traders. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(153,51,0);"> What is/are its characteristics? (Name as many as you can) <span style="color: rgb(224,93,16);"> The spectacular ruins of Petra, chiseled by hand into the sandstone cliffs of southern Jordan, are testimony to Nabataean engineering and artistry—in the form of freestanding temples and nearly 3,000 rock-cut-tombs, dwellings, banquet halls, altars and niches. Petra was a settlement whose streets and architecture sprawled along winding gullies and up steep cliffs. The Nabataean developed the technology to harness natural springs in order to sustain fertile crops, lush gardens and an impressive system of pools and reservoirs, all of which supported a booming population. At its height, around AD 50, the city and its environs boasted as many as 20,000 residents. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(153,51,0);"> How important were tombs in Petra? What did they mean? <span style="color: rgb(224,93,16);"> The tombs are very important in Nabataean erected monumental tombs, memorializing their kings and leaders. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(153,51,0);"> How did this city become an urban center?

<span style="color: rgb(224,93,16);">From its origins as a tent encampment, Petra had become an urban center by the end of the first century BC. Typical of ancient Near Eastern settlements, the city grew along the natural contours of the landscape. Even the main street followed the curve of the Wadi Musa, Petra's primary river. At this time the Nabataeans paved the road through the Siq, enabling wheeled vehicles to import locally quarried limestone used in city construction. Many of Petra's main architectural features—including the Treasury, Theater, Temple of the Winged Lions and Qasr al-Bint—appeared during the reign of King Aretas IV (9 BC-AD 40), who was responsible for many of the city's central landmarks.. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(153,51,0);"> How was this city organized/planned? <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(224,93,16);"> After the Roman occupation of Nabataea, in AD 106, Petra's development took a new direction. As with most other Roman cities, planners did their best to impose an urban grid on this sprawling settlement. The Romans managed to create one straight road along the central marketplace. Flanked by colonnaded porticos, this linear street clearly served as an architectural imprint of Rome. The Colonnaded Street and gateway symbolized Rome's political presence in Petra. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(224,93,16); line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> __**The city**__ grew along the natural contours of the landscape... <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,223); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">NO <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The **__column capitals__** bear intricate floral patterns and animal shapes... <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,223); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">YES <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The __**grand entrances**__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,223); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">YES <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; background-color: rgb(255,255,0);">__**of many tombs**__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,223); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,223); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">NO <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(224,93,16); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> in Petra were carved on a giant scale to honor those laid to rest inside. <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(87,10,10);"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(128,0,0); line-height: 115%;"> Petra is an ancient city of 2000 years old, stood at a crossroads of the ancient Near East in the deserts of Jordan, the entrance of the city is a narrow gorge. In the city the Nabataeans erected monumental tombs memorializing their kings and leaders. This city went forgotten for many years. Petra drew the attention of early 19th-century European travelers through the remarkable published accounts of a Swiss explorer named Burckhardt. Currently excavations are carried out to find the city's past. The city began like commercial site with a group to commercial nomads called Nabataean, who had control of the ancient incense and spice trade throughout the Arabian Peninsula by the 1st century BC. This directed city to became in a commercial and cultural center. The Nabataean was one of the most civilized peoples of antiquity. The wonderful ruins show its great progress in engineering and sculpture. Also the nabataean had excellent irrigation for their crops and big gardens. The city came to had 20,000 inhabitants. The architectural style was unique, inspired by Greek architecture. Nabateans sculpted their tombs, “top down”, in big rocks and used wood in the process. Petra had become an urban center with temples, theaters, oasis, etc. Finally the city was occupied by the Romans. media type="file" key="Grabacion resumen Petra.wma"
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(153,51,0);">complex noun **

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