iron+&+steel

Iron One type of iron is: cast iron Made of iron with lots of carbon. Is a material very costly and heavy. Is very good becouse molds to any shape, is strong in compression, but is weaker than steel in tension breaks without warning. This material can be use to construct arch bridges, cannons and historic domes.

Steel: Type: High- strength steel The ingredients to do this material are Iron with atouch of carbon. Also is very sostly and heavy. Its advantages are: is one of strongest materials used in construction, strong in compression and tension. And their weaknesses are: ruts, loses strength in extremely high temperatures. Use of this material: Cables in suspension bridges, trusses, beams and columns in skyscrapers and roller coasters.

What corrugated iron is? Is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern in them.  Characteristics Easy for transportation Can be quickly erected  Is cheap  Uses through history Was very popular in Australia, simbolize a Australian architecture. Is also been used by aborigins. Many people arround the world has used corrugated iron for construct quickly and cheap houses. 

What it takes to be an iron worker?  To be a irosn worker is necessary meet the following conditions:   <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">* Have a good physical condition because the materials used for ironworking are heavy and bulky so above average physical strength is necessary. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Agility and a good sense of balance. <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">* Minimum age of 18 years. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">* High school diploma, G.E.D., or equivalent as specified by the local training committee. <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">* Drug and alcohol free. <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Must meet requirements as set out in applicable citizenship laws.

<span style="color: rgb(98, 46, 15); font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reply of iron and steel:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-size: 120%;">Yes is wonderful the way like the iron and later the steel, was used to perform works extremely strong and overcoat resistant, with the propertys of this material also the architecture taked a new direction, since this material help to designing structures totally innovative, that gives to the cities a metropolis character.

<span style="color: rgb(98, 46, 15); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">//“the old cast iron buildings died out. I'm not really sure whether the new skyscrapers killed them, or the new esthetics”//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Well I don’t believe than the skyscrapers or the new esthetics beech killed iron buildings, just is evolution when the men see than the iron isn’t so strong him thought create a more durable material, this way born steel and with them the scycrapers.

<span style="color: rgb(98, 46, 15); font-size: 144%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Paragraph: <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">

The principal object study to the Urban planning is the city and the mansory is the base of the construction cities, because is through of this, than we construct every part of a building and every building small or big is part to the city. To construct buildings or bridges, is necessary use different materials like iron than is strong in compression, or steel than also is strong in tension; and the welding is used to unite every beam steel or iron. Other material to construct is the concret,whith this material man was built and still build today thousands of buildings whose columns are made of iron and concrete.

//**<span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(98, 46, 15); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Conclusions on the use of concrete: **// <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">The concrete is a material used throughout history, from ancient Egypt to today. Is a versatile material, provides uniformity and resistance. Concrete is also used in combination with other materials, like iron or steel for the construction of columns, foundation walls, floors, etc. This process to construction is slow and costly and currently is replaced by other processes and materials like steel. The creation of precast-concrete construction like bricks, slabs, and supports, has facilitated the construction and erection of buildings due to the rapidity with which we can work with these products and also their economy. Finally, prestressed concrete is very important to construction because by their ability to withstand stress, holds loads, distributed by members. The concrete have much uses in the construction and can be used alone or in combination with others more strong materials like steel.



=<span style="color: rgb(98, 46, 15);">Chat Log about Iron and Steel =

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0);">Katherine <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">hello Angela! <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">hello Katherine! <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0);">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">hi girls! <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> hello ada! <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> hey! did you read the text about Iron and Steel? Angela Herrera: yes, it's interesting, what do you think about it? <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> It’s very interesting!!! <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">yes it’s interesting ...but I think that iron and steel has more advantages than wood or stone don’t you think? <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> I agree with you Katherine!! <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">yes, the iron and steel provide far stronger and taller structures with less expenditure of material than stone, brick, or wood. **<span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Adarenis Garcia: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> yes, and the iron and steel allow create buildings more versatile. <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> that’s right and is weather resistant too... for that is use in skyscrapers <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> yes and also are used to construct bridges!!! <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">: almost all of the skyscrapers are made of iron and steel… that’s probably happens in the 20 century when this material star it popularity... and of course the bridges specially the ones that hanging <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> it's very useful in construction, but I didn't know that the cast iron was the first metal that could be substituted for traditional structural materials, so it's a popular material since the 20th century **<span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Adarenis Garcia: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> yes, and it’s possible to create buildings much more solid, stable and durable... <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">yes that right and after that is still using nowadays...but it also has some disadvantages like for example iron has much more compressive than tensile strength. <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">but it was replaced by steel which is more uniformly strong, elastic, and workable, and its high resistance in all stresses can be closely calculated. <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> yes the steel is resistance to compression and also tension!! <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> the only disadvantage is the labor, but in the 20th century Steel Structural Members developed the welding, so actually it's posible to produced fused joints with less labor and material. <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> umm that’s great... but can you tell me what is welding? <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> other disadvantage is that steel need be protected against corrosion!! Of course, the welding is the process developed in the 20th century to unite the steel beams! <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">umm ok thanks ada...and that is important because that was the solution for the problem of the iron and other advantage it’s that you can do a lot of forms with these materials. <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> oh yes, steel structural members are rolled in a variety of shapes, the commonest of which are plates, angles, I beams, and U-shaped channels, among others, it's very malleable. <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">yes I am agree with you… and together with the welding is a very strong material that allows you to create strong structures!! Do you know what is it welding importance? <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> well, this is a fundamental change in architectural technique, the effect of which cannot yet be estimated. <span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">normally, steel must be protected against corrosion by surface covering, but alloys such as stainless steel have developed for exposed surfaces <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">and do you think that are aluminum and stainless steel heavy metal alloys?
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0);">Adarenis Garcia: ** yes I do!!!

<span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">well, I think that these heavies are very wonderful because resolve the problem of steel corrosion, and also make more resistant the steel beams…

<span style="color: rgb(157, 96, 7); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Angela Herrera: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">cool! More advantages about these materials! Well girls, I have to go… See you later! <span style="color: rgb(255, 27, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">**Adarenis Garcia:** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> see you later! <span style="color: rgb(255, 112, 0); font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Katherine Fernandez: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> I have to go too, take care!